Grapes are one type of fruit whose plants are vines. The fruit can be eaten directly, made juice, jelly, grape seed oil, raisins and wine.
Actually the cultivation of grapes has been done since 4000 BC in the Middle East. But to be used as a wine was only discovered in 2500 BC by the State of Egypt.
Not long after that the processing was widespread to various corners of the world, starting from the Black Sea, Spain, Germany, France, and Austria. The spread of this fruit occurred very rapidly, especially with the colombus journey that took him around the world.
This fruit contains many polyphenols and resveratol compounds that have benefits in maintaining the body's metabolism and preventing the formation of cancer cells and other diseases. In addition, in the fruit there are also secondary metabolite compounds useful as antioxidants that are able to ward off free radicals.
Here's how to grow grapes:
#1 Conditions for life
This plant is one of the plants that live in lowland areas. Unlike plants in general, grapes can actually live well in the event of a long dry season between 4-7 months with a high intensity of sunlight.
The rainfall needed in how to grow grapes to quickly bear fruit requires 800 mm per year. Excessive watering of this plant can interfere with the fruiting process. While the maximum temperature is 31 degrees Celsius and the minimum temperature is 23 degrees Celsius with humidity between 75 - 80%.
#2 Preparation of planting media
The first stage in how to grow grapes to quickly bear fruit is to prepare the planting medium, the conditions are as follows:
- Preparing fertile land and easy to absorb water. Because this plant does not like a lot of water, so when it gets a lot of water can inhibit its growth.
- The soil is soil containing sand and clay in the right amount so that plants do not get excessive transspiration.
- Acidity or PH on the ground in neutral condition that is 7.
#3 Seed selection
Grape seedlings can be made by grafting vines that have excellent quality, certainly not diseased. It is best to choose the stem of the grape upright, so that the seeds obtained are easy to plant, either in pots or directly in the soil.
Grape seedlings graft can be planted after a grafting period of about 6-7 months.
In addition, it can also be done how to grow grapes from seeds. However, planting with seeds is generally considered prone to fail.
Whereas actually based on how to treat grapes. If planted and maintained properly, automatically the plant can develop well.
For how to grow grapes with cuttings / graft techniques choose seedlings with the following characteristics:
- The length of cuttings used is prohibited more than 25 to 30 cm with many segments 2 to 3.
- The distek stem must be round with a diameter of 1 cm.
- On the bark that has a brown color and the bark has a green color, there are no black patches and has water content.
- Usually, grapes grown using cuttings will look larger and denser.
#4 Seeding process
The next step is seeding. Preferably, so that how to grow grapes in order to quickly bear fruit can grow perfectly, it is necessary to do the following:
- Raise the grape seedlings using a pot or polybag for 5 to 7 days.
- If doing how to grow grapes in a pot do transfer on a pot / polybag. But first poured with planting media such as a mixture of soil with manure and sand with each has a comparative composition of 1:1:1
- The next seedlings are given water regularly in the morning and dusk. The soil used is ensured to have good irrigation so that it is not inundated with water.
- When it 2 months old, new shoots will appear and the roots will appear a lot.
Whereas if how to grow grapes from seeds, can be done the following process:
Soak the seeds in a container of water. If a floating seed is found, then discard it. Because it means the seeds are unhealthy and not worth planting. Meanwhile, the later treatment for drowning seeds is to soak them for a day overnight.
Then do the stratification process. This process is also called winter simulation to make seeds germinate. Do so by putting planting seeds on wet wipes, then putting them in a sealed container.
It can also use transparent containers wrapped in plastic or with transparent airbags. The next step is to store it in the refrigerator for 2 to 3 months.
But make sure the temperature does not make it completely frozen. Use a balanced temperature between 1-3 ºc.
Plant seeds that have passed the stratification stage in a pot container in which there is loose soil mixed with manure.
Use soil pot containers, because soil pots have pores easily absorb water and nutrients without making plants settle. Generally grapes in the form of sprouts will appear about 2 to 8 weeks from the day of planting the seeds.
#6 Preparation of planting
Plants that have been 2 months old are in the seedling media has been sewajibnya placed into the planting media that has been prepared in advance.
In order to produce maximum fruit, as much as possible grape crops are planted when entering the dry season. The prepared grape seed is inserted in the planting burrow and then re-close the hole with a diameter limited to the base of the stem of the vine.
#7 Planting process
Once the grape seedlings are ready, it is necessary to prepare a buffer tool as a medium for the growth of the vine. This buffer can be made of wood or iron, based on the owner's wishes.
For the height of the buffer, can adjust to the needs, for those who want how to grow grapes in the pot. Can prepare pots that have been hollowed out at the bottom, choose a pot that has a medium size so that the roots of the grapes can grow well.
How to grow grapes to quickly bear fruit suitable soil to grow this grape, can combine the soil with compost with a ratio of 1:2. With this planting medium, it is guaranteed that the growth of grapes will be maximized.
After all the preparations are complete, can directly plant grape seedlings. How to plant grape graft seedlings can not be done originally, it is necessary to unwrapp the graft whether it is plastic or other media.
After that, make a hole in the ground in the center of the pot to place the results of this graft. These seedlings can not be directly placed in the yard of the house, it is necessary to put them in a cool place before in the first 3 weeks of planting period.
This is certainly to make grape seedlings can adjust to the new planting medium. At this time it is also mandatory to diligently water the seedlings of this wine. To give maximum results, it is good for grapes to be planted when entering the dry season.
#8 Caring
Like other crops, the difficult thing when fertilizing a plant is to cultivate it until it is ready to harvest, because it will result in the quality of the grapes to be downloaded.
At the beginning of planting, it is worth doing regular preparation of grapes to see if the plant can develop perfectly or not, if there are some symptoms, immediately change it with new seeds so that the planted vines can develop uniformly.
The later stage in the cultivation of grapes is to continue to take good care of the vines. Things to be aware of in the treatment include:
#9 Watering
Watering the vines is done once a day, between morning or dusk. Especially when planting occurs in the rainy season, do not have to do watering because grapes in general are not very very fond of mushy soil and have a lot of water content.
When watering, be careful so that the splash does not damage the planting media in the form of sand and manure that is easy to move if exposed to water, and do not change the position of the roots.
#10 Granting of vines
Vines are very important, so that grape seedlings grow straight, vines can be wood or bambo blades 1.5 cm thick with a length of 1 meter. It serves as a buffer of seedlings until the time of the first pruning.
At the beginning of planting, grape seedlings are tied loosely with ajir, in its development the vines themselves can develop climbing with the help of tendrils. And to get interesting branches, the vine must be given a support that is useful as a climb.
If you do how to grow grapes in a pot then this anjatan is planted in a pot, in the form of bamboo blades 2 cm thick with a length of 1.5 m in the form of wire coils.
One pot is given 4 bamboo blades that are plugged in the edge of the pot. This bamboo supports will make the vines in the pot can be observed from various directions. And the shape of the germination can also be arranged and can be in the form of circles such as balls, slinders, paying and so on.
#11 Fertilization
In addition, it is necessary to continue to provide fertilizer when the age of the plant itself has been 90 days old and will then be carried out the process of giving fertilizer once every 3 months. After the vine is 3 months old, the fertilized fertilizer is multiplied into two tablespoons, and the fertilizer is given once a month.
Efforts to make plants bear fruit quickly
The most important thing in how to grow grapes to quickly bear fruit, namely pruning on twigs that trigger flowers out of tertiary branches. When the tertiary branch is brown or already 3 months old, pruning is possible.
The pruning process is carried out only on tertiary branches with protruding bud eyes. This pruning is done on the 4th or 5th segment of the base of the branch.
At the first pruning, starting from the flowers that appear generally still small. And the number of gradual starts will greatly increase on trimming to 2, to 3, and so on.
Then the flowers that appear after pruning will gradually bloom and create small fruits that have a green color. Then this fruit will continue to develop and achieve maximum development after 105-110 days since pruning.
At the time of development of grapes in the pot needs to be watered daily and fertilizer is given every month. The fertilizer that is loved in the form of (NPK) a number of two tablespoons.
#12 Harvesting
The vine takes 3 to 4 years to bear fruit. In order for grapes to be picked at the optimal age, it is necessary to observe the signs of optimal ripe fruit, namely the skin of the fruit is covered with clear powder and the fruit easily falls out when exposed to touch.
Usually 100-110 days after pruning, the grapes have cooked optimally and have a sweet taste. Because grapes are classified as non climacteric, harvesting as much as possible pays attention to the optimal cooking age. If not so then the taste of the fruit will sour and can not be greatly increased sweet after the plant is downloaded.
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